4 Oz Turkey Ground Beef Calories
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special furnishings and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the picture show, follow the yellowish brick slideshow to peek behind that drape and larn more than well-nigh the secrets and fun facts that brand the honey flick a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Film
Every bit a cocky-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'southward Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a office in the 1939 film accommodation. Hamilton chosen her agent to enquire which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work fourth dimension. 3 days before filming began, the studio agreed to a 5-week deal. In the cease, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being too scary for audiences.
Dorothy's Original Await Was More Pic Star Than Farm Daughter
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was young at the time, the xvi-year-onetime Garland had to vesture a corset-like device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wearable a blonde wig and loads of "babe-doll" makeup (as any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the graphic symbol changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart movement.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Picture Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great picture show tricks, and some of the near unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies higher up the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects team spread black ink beyond the lesser of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in opposite and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — Westward W W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'southward last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snowfall? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, information technology was still Hollywood's preferred choice for imitation snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than 1 for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man'southward) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin Homo'southward aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup feel was better than Ebsen'south, he nevertheless had some bug. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, consummate with a woven pattern that mimicked the await of burlap. After the moving-picture show wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than a yr to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Fix
In a burst of flames and ruby-red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the get-go take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early on.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, merely her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared upwards. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and confront. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys equally they're chosen in the source fabric — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost equally scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aeriform stunt went amiss when several of the pianoforte wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no i's surprise, the American Film Establish ranked "Over the Rainbow" #ane on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the motion-picture show.
Studio execs at MGM thought the vocal made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the song'southward meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'due south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep effectually in a ninety-pound king of beasts costume, Jack Haley didn't have it easy either. From the lingering concerns about the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and easily to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" torso and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was then strong that he had to lean against a lath to balance properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same issue with his rigid costume. It seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't help folks escape all their problems.
The Original Can Man Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Withal, Ebsen's new character, the Tin Man, caused him a world of issues. Namely, the grapheme's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum grit that coated Ebsen'due south lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed upward the makeup), merely didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the terminal movie, his vocals tin be heard in "Nosotros're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of applied special effects that really agree upward. The funnel itself was actually a 35-human foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is merely a miniature business firm that was dropped onto a heaven painting. Filmmakers so reversed the footage to brand it look like the firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has ever been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular graphic symbol in Walt Disney'south Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $8 million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland'due south pay was meliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a calendar week — but it still didn't reflect the film's success. Fifty-fifty more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week equally Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might bandage its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio'south title card — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast actor Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a disarming creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real panthera leo skin. Yet, the arc lights used on fix made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character's nerves. Each night, two stagehands stale the costume for the next solar day.
The Initial Box Office Returns Were Uneven
The picture show started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That's nearly $50 million adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie only earned $iii million at the box part — about $51.viii million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era moving picture, remember that Disney made $8 meg with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz'south modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — just success overseas fortunately bolstered the picture's returns.
The Night Side of Oz in a Fourth dimension Before "Me As well"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was bandage as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to young actors to aid them sleep after studios shot them upwardly with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't aid, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her picayune more than than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, java and chicken soup.
The Vox of Snowfall White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's characteristic-length animated movie Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a boom-hit. Not only did the motion-picture show revolutionize the animation industry, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upward Snow White — then the most successful movie of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin can Man'southward "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art yard Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silver, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the reddish color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM'southward primary costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
Ane of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the display is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug at that place several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, only the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only I Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic take a chance story, and Dorothy'southward quest leads her from a Kansas farm to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. All the same, despite all these breathtaking locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the simply location footage in the flick is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most beloved dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Can Human being spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to notice one that resembled the original canine role player more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In add-on to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than but your run-of-the-manufactory evil villain. More 35 years after the motion-picture show debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'due south costume to show kids it was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the character.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was too a sorry, lonely figure. In brusque, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked likewise takes this arroyo to the Witch's grapheme.
The "Horse of a Unlike Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were simply as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food detail…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick upwardly the sweet treat. Only the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was one time endemic past President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to give life to this fantasy moving picture. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Most actors had to arrive earlier 5:00 in the morning — vi days a calendar week! — to brainstorm the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The film is clogged of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the great fortune of being responsible for some of the most quoted lines in flick history every bit well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Moving-picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film'southward lines on the listing.
"Pay no attention to that human behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "At that place'south no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Fire Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a unlike colour" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the young girl's feet. Notwithstanding, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to make it expect more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was office fun and function problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to exist lit with arc lights, which frequently heated the prepare to a toasty 100 degrees.
After the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look all-time on picture show, especially in colorized form. For example, the white part of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — only because it filmed ameliorate. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the Eastward Makes More Than Ane Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the Westward's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the short-lived possessor of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the W and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the Due east — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the red slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cutting Down Several Times
The first cut of the motion picture clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like zero past today'south Marvel flick standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
Later on cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the moving-picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2nd preview screening, and, subsequently, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Urban center reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Human being becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the West performance too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not anybody thought her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were really friends. I story that emerged from the prepare described Garland excitedly showing off a wearing apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," every bit opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem as though the entire film was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
Information technology's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full 3-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the time of the flick'south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), calculation credence to this theory.
1 of History's Most-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved popular in theaters, another pic released the same year, besides directed past Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may accept heard of that piffling movie — it's chosen Gone with the Wind.) Withal, MGM'southward musical fantasy may take more staying power than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The film was starting time broadcast on television on November three, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 1000000 viewers. It'south believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 most-watched feature-length movies in film history, largely due to the number of annual television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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